Influence of annealing temperature on the properties of In<inf>2</inf>S<inf>3</inf>:Sn films deposited by spray pyrolysis

© 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York.Tin-doped In2S3 films were grown by the chemical spray pyrolysis method using compressed air as a carrier gas. The films were annealed for 2 h at different temperatures (300, 400 and 500 °C) under nitrogen atmosphere. X-ray diffraction data show that In2S3:Sn films are polycrystalline with a cubic phase. The film grain size increases from 26 to 37 nm. The residual microstrain and dislocation network reach the values 3.08 × 10¿3 and 0.73 × 1011 lines cm¿2, respectively, at the annealing temperature of 500 °C. Transmittance decreases with increasing temperature. It varies in the range of 65¿85 % in visible and infrared regions. The optical band gap is found to vary in the range 2.4¿2.85 eV for direct transitions. The best surface state is obtained at 400 °C. The RMS roughness was estimated to be 39.4¿19.8 nm. Electrical measurements at room temperature show that the sheet resistance decreases down to 130 ¿ at 500 °C. The conductance and capacitance characterization at ambient temperature are also investigated and give interesting physical properties for photovoltaic applications.